• These backup types are Microsoft proprietary backups, and can be problematic for a wide variety of reasons. Commonly, users make the mistake of ‘spooling’ to a drive which is one of the drives also selected for backup; or the user attempts to use a non-permanent drive (eg: portable USB). 
  • Solution: 
    • If the below guide does not resolve the problem, consider switching to the GBM Disk Image backup type, which was designed to circumvent these problems: Please scroll to the bottom of this page to learn more. 

 

"Windows System Backup" items 

GBM integrates with Windows System Backup to support backing up entire system volumes as .vhd / .vhdx files using the wbadmin technology.

Choose volumes to back up, and/or choose "all critical volumes".

  • You can choose a volume by its drive letter (e.g. C:\), or by a qualified Windows volume reference for volumes without a drive letter (see the output of fsutil volume list).

A local path must be used for spooling temporary data. Spooled temporary data will be removed once the backup job completes. The selected spool path

  • must be a bare root drive, and
  • must not be included as one of the selected volumes, and
  • must appear to Windows as fixed, not removable - regardless of whether it is physically an internal or external drive 
    • You can work around this issue for a removable drive by sharing a folder on the drive, and setting its UNC path as the spool directory.

Restoring (Data drive) 

Once you restore the .vhd file with GBM, it can be mounted in Windows, or it can be browsed (e.g. in 7-Zip), or it can be attached to a virtual machine, or it can be written out to a physical volume. This will allow you to access and extract individual files and folders within the backup.

Restoring (Bootable Operating System) 

If you included the OS drive in the backup, it is possible to restore the OS to a bootable state, provided some additional conditions are met:

The following method of restoring the OS requires that you included the "System Reserved" partition in the backup job; either by manually including the volume, or by choosing "All Critical Volumes" in the volume selection.

If you do not include the "System Reserved" partition in the backup job, the resulting .vhd / .vhdx is a data-only file. In that situation you may need to manually recreate an NTLDR bootloader (using the bootsect and bcdedit commands) before the machine can be booted.

If you are backing up a machine that booted via EFI, you may also need to backup and restore the EFI System Partition (ESP).

Note that Windows OS installations do specialize themselves for the current hardware, and backup images are not automatically pre-prepared for hardware independence. An operating system image may only boot on identical- or highly-similar hardware. This issue originates from the wbadmin "Windows System Backup" technology and is not specific to GBM's implementation. You may find more information online.

Using Windows Recovery 

Once you restore the .vhd / .vhdx file(s) with GBM, you can boot into either Windows Recovery or the Windows install media, and choose the "System Image Recovery" option.

It may be mandatory to keep the files in the WindowsImageBackup subdirectory on the root drive, in order for the "System Image Recovery" GUI to find the files. "System Image Recovery" is only able to restore a system image if the backup included the "System Reserved" partition.

  • In this dialog, you can click the "Select a system image" option to find the .vhd / .vhdx file, so that Windows can write it back to your physical disk.
  • More information is available online, including a visual walkthrough:
  • Later versions of the Windows install media are able to recover vhd files of older versions of Windows, and may have better driver support. For instance, if you experience problems recovering a .vhd file using the Server 2008 install media, consider trying with install media from a newer version of windows.

Using wbadmin 

You can use the wbadmin start recovery or wbadmin start sysrecovery commands to restore the OS without using the Windows "System Image Recovery" GUI.

Using qemu-img 

The .vhd file can be manually written out to a physical volume using qemu-img (e.g. qemu-img convert -f vpc image.vhd /dev/sda) or any similar tool.

Using the hypervisor 

The .vhd file can be attached to a virtual machine and booted as-is.

Alternative ways of backing up Windows System Backup 

Note that because wbadmin is used, spool space is required. It may be preferable to use the "Files and Folders" backup type instead, that does not require spool space. Backing up a Windows OS installation in this way does not result in a bootable image.

 

Backup using Disk Image 

Create a Protected Item using the Disk Image backup type 

  • Note: Using this Protected Item will incur a Module charge and requires Windows 7, or Windows Server 2008 R2, or later.

Select partitions for backup 

Select any currently-attached drives or individual partitions from any drive for backup. It is possible to select “all drives” and exclude individual disks or partitions.

  • If there is any change to the partition structure of a drive, it will cause that drive to be recognized differently in GBM. If such a drive is selected, GBM will warn that the drive can no longer be found. You must reselect the drive and/or partitions.

Include unused disk sectors for forensic data recovery 

GBM will exclude unused space from the disk in the backup, but turning on this option will include any non-indexed and marked-as-deleted files in the free space. This could be used for forensic data recovery, but keep in mind that it will lengthen the backup time.